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इतिहास
The history, origin and significance of Ramadan — where it comes from, what it means, and how it changed over time.
Ramadan 2026: 19 February 2026 – 19 March 202629 daysरमज़ान
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Ramadan is the ninth month of the Islamic calendar and the month in which Muslims fast from before dawn (sehri) until sunset (iftar). In 2026 Ramadan is expected to begin around 19 February, with the exact start depending on the sighting of the new moon.
The fast, or roza, is one of the five pillars of Islam. It requires abstaining from food, drink and smoking between Fajr and Maghrib. Those who are ill, travelling, pregnant, nursing, or menstruating are exempt, and are expected to make up the days later or to give fidyah to the poor. Children begin fasting gradually, usually from around puberty.
The day's rhythm is built around two meals: sehri before first light, and iftar at sunset, traditionally broken with dates and water, followed by the evening prayer. In India, iftar is a communal and commercial institution — mosques and neighbourhoods run free iftar spreads, and the stalls around Jama Masjid in Delhi and Mohammed Ali Road in Mumbai do their biggest business of the year.
The last ten days are considered especially important, with Laylat al-Qadr falling within one of the odd-numbered nights, and many people observe itikaf — seclusion in the mosque for the final ten days. Ramadan ends with Eid al-Fitr, following the sighting of the Shawwal moon.
Almost every large Indian festival means something different in different states. That is not a contradiction — it is the history.
Haleem is the defining Ramadan food, and the city's haleem stalls run all month. Old City iftar spreads around Charminar are among the largest in India.
Jama Masjid's lanes and the old-city areas of Lucknow, Agra and Moradabad run large iftar stalls. Lucknow's Awadhi iftar cooking is distinct from Delhi's.
Mohammed Ali Road and Bhendi Bazaar run the city's biggest iftar market, with a mix of Bohri, Konkani Muslim and North Indian cooking.
Malabar Muslim iftar features pathiri, kanji and a distinct coastal cooking style, and Kerala's Muslim community observes the month with its own culinary tradition. In Tamil Nadu, the Kayalpattinam and Nagore communities follow similar coastal patterns.
Kolkata's Park Circus and Metiabruz areas run large iftar markets, and Bengali Muslim cooking adds its own dishes to the standard iftar table. Assam's Bengali-origin Muslim community observes the month with local fish and rice dishes.
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